assignment 4
Ethernet in ISO/OSI model
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It describes the format of Ethernet frames and protocols from physical and link layer. It is based on idea that nodes are connected to the common medium through which they send and receive frames.
Ethernet standards for physical layer
1) 10 Mbit/s
2) Fast Ethernet
3) Gigabit Ethernet
4) 10 Gigabit Ethernet
5) 100 Gigabit Ethernet
Ethernet limits
Limits may refer to the speed of transmission in particular Ethernet standard or to the distance between two stations that allows transmission.
Structure of Ethernet frame
MAC address
MAC stands for Medium Access Control, It is 48-bits address written hexa-decimally. It is an identifier of a network card. First 24 bits specify the producer of the network card and other 24 bits are unique ID of a particular network card.
Broadcasting
A transmission of the packet that is going to be received by every device on the network.
Hub
Hub is a device which allows to join many network devices to a computer network with star topology. It transmits electrical signals from one port to all other. Hub has not routing tables broadcasts all networks data across each connection.
Switch
A device which joins segments of computer network working. It analyzes MAC addresses of sender and receiver of the frame.
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access / with Collision Detection is a protocol which reduces collisions and its effects.
Collision
There is a possibility that two or more devices would start transmitting the packet at the same moment. It is detected automatically for instance by CSMA/CD protocol and computers abort transmission. After some random time they try to send a packet once again.
Half- and full- duplex
Full duplex, both parts can communicate to the other simultaneously.
Half duplex, each part can communicate to the other but not simultaneously, the communication is one direction at a time.
ARP request
ARP is an abbreviation for Address Resolution Protocol. It's a network layer protocol used to convert an IP address into a physical address. A host wishing to obtain a physical address broadcasts ARP request onto the TCP/IP network. The host on the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with its physical hardware address.
Detecting doubled IP address
IP address conflicts occur when two devices on a network are assigned the same IP address, resulting in one or both being disabled and losing connectivity until the conflict is resolved.
BOOTP
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is a protocol that lets a network user be automatically configured and have an operating system booted.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a standardized network protocol used on IP networks to distribute network configuration parameters
Sniffing
It is intercepting and logging traffic passing over a digital network or part of a network.
VLANs
Virtual local area network. In technical terms, a VLAN is a broadcast domain created by switches. Normally, it is a router creating that broadcast domain. With VLAN’s, a switch can create the broadcast domain.
Certificates
Certificates are used for authentication of content in order to make secure connections between user and server and avoid spoofing which makes us sure that we are connected to the right server and no one else can interrupt or intercept our communication.
Encryption model
Encryption is the conversion of electronic data into another form, which cannot be easily understood by anyone except authorized parts.
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It describes the format of Ethernet frames and protocols from physical and link layer. It is based on idea that nodes are connected to the common medium through which they send and receive frames.
Ethernet standards for physical layer
1) 10 Mbit/s
2) Fast Ethernet
3) Gigabit Ethernet
4) 10 Gigabit Ethernet
5) 100 Gigabit Ethernet
Ethernet limits
Limits may refer to the speed of transmission in particular Ethernet standard or to the distance between two stations that allows transmission.
Structure of Ethernet frame
MAC address
MAC stands for Medium Access Control, It is 48-bits address written hexa-decimally. It is an identifier of a network card. First 24 bits specify the producer of the network card and other 24 bits are unique ID of a particular network card.
Broadcasting
A transmission of the packet that is going to be received by every device on the network.
Hub
Hub is a device which allows to join many network devices to a computer network with star topology. It transmits electrical signals from one port to all other. Hub has not routing tables broadcasts all networks data across each connection.
Switch
A device which joins segments of computer network working. It analyzes MAC addresses of sender and receiver of the frame.
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access / with Collision Detection is a protocol which reduces collisions and its effects.
Collision
There is a possibility that two or more devices would start transmitting the packet at the same moment. It is detected automatically for instance by CSMA/CD protocol and computers abort transmission. After some random time they try to send a packet once again.
Half- and full- duplex
Full duplex, both parts can communicate to the other simultaneously.
Half duplex, each part can communicate to the other but not simultaneously, the communication is one direction at a time.
ARP request
ARP is an abbreviation for Address Resolution Protocol. It's a network layer protocol used to convert an IP address into a physical address. A host wishing to obtain a physical address broadcasts ARP request onto the TCP/IP network. The host on the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with its physical hardware address.
Detecting doubled IP address
IP address conflicts occur when two devices on a network are assigned the same IP address, resulting in one or both being disabled and losing connectivity until the conflict is resolved.
BOOTP
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is a protocol that lets a network user be automatically configured and have an operating system booted.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a standardized network protocol used on IP networks to distribute network configuration parameters
Sniffing
It is intercepting and logging traffic passing over a digital network or part of a network.
VLANs
Virtual local area network. In technical terms, a VLAN is a broadcast domain created by switches. Normally, it is a router creating that broadcast domain. With VLAN’s, a switch can create the broadcast domain.
Certificates
Certificates are used for authentication of content in order to make secure connections between user and server and avoid spoofing which makes us sure that we are connected to the right server and no one else can interrupt or intercept our communication.
Encryption model
Encryption is the conversion of electronic data into another form, which cannot be easily understood by anyone except authorized parts.
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